[Federal Register: February 7, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 25)]
[Proposed Rules]               
[Page 5805-5854]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr07fe07-32]                         


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Part II





Department of Transportation





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Federal Aviation Administration



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14 CFR Parts 61, 91 and 141



Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification; Proposed Rule


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Parts 61, 91, and 141

[Docket No. FAA-2006-26661; Notice No. 06-20]
RIN 2120-AI86

 
Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

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SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to amend the training, qualification, 
certification, and operating requirements for pilots, flight 
instructors, ground instructors, and pilot schools. These changes are 
needed to clarify, update, and correct our existing regulations. These 
changes are intended to ensure that flight crewmembers have the 
training and qualifications to enable them to operate aircraft safely.

DATES: Send your comments to reach us on or before May 8, 2007.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, identified by Docket Number FAA-2006-
26661, using any of the following methods:
     DOT Docket Web site: Go to http://dms.dot.gov and follow 

the instructions for sending your comments electronically.
     Government-wide rulemaking Web site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov
 and follow the instructions for sending your 

comments electronically.
     Mail: Docket Management Facility; U.S. Department of 
Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Nassif Building, Room PL-401, 
Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
     Hand Delivery: Room PL-401 on the plaza level of the 
Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC, between 9 
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    For more information on the rulemaking process, see the 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document.
    Privacy: We will post all comments we receive, without change, to 
http://dms.dot.gov, including any personal information you provide. For 

more information, see the Privacy Act discussion in the SUPPLEMENTARY 
INFORMATION section of this document.
    Docket: To read background documents or comments received, go to 
http://dms.dot.gov at any time or to Room PL-401 on the plaza level of 

the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC, between 9 
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John D. Lynch, Certification and 
General Aviation Operations Branch, AFS-810, General Aviation and 
Commercial Division, Flight Standards Service, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591; 
Telephone No. (202) 267-3844; e-mail john.d.lynch@faa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Comments Invited

    The FAA invites interested persons to participate in this 
rulemaking by submitting written comments, data, or views. We also 
invite comments relating to the economic, environmental, energy, or 
federalism impacts that might result from adopting the proposals in 
this document. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion 
of the proposal, explain the reason for any recommended change, and 
include supporting data. We ask that you send us two copies of written 
comments.
    We will file in the docket all comments we receive, as well as a 
report summarizing each substantive public contact with FAA personnel 
concerning this proposed rulemaking. The docket is available for public 
inspection before and after the comment closing date. If you wish to 
review the docket in person, go to the address in the ADDRESSES section 
of this preamble between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays. You may also review the docket using the 
Internet at the web address in the ADDRESSES section.
    Privacy Act: Using the search function of our docket Web site, 
anyone can find and read the comments received into any of our dockets, 
including the name of the individual sending the comment (or signing 
the comment on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). 
You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal 
Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-78) or you may visit 
http://dms.dot.gov.

    Before acting on this proposal, we will consider all comments we 
receive on or before the closing date for comments. We will consider 
comments filed late if it is possible to do so without incurring 
expense or delay. We may change this proposal in light of the comments 
we receive.
    If you want the FAA to acknowledge receipt of your comments on this 
proposal, include with your comments a pre-addressed, stamped postcard 
on which the docket number appears. We will stamp the date on the 
postcard and mail it to you.

II. Proprietary or Confidential Business Information

    Do not file in the docket information that you consider to be 
proprietary or confidential business information. Send or deliver this 
information directly to the person identified in the FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section of this document. You must mark the 
information that you consider proprietary or confidential. If you send 
the information on a disk or CD-ROM, mark the outside of the disk or 
CD-ROM and also identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the 
specific information that is proprietary or confidential.
    Under 14 CFR 11.35(b), when we are aware of proprietary information 
filed with a comment, we do not place it in the docket. We hold it in a 
separate file to which the public does not have access, and place a 
note in the docket that we have received it. If we receive a request to 
examine or copy this information, we treat it as any other request 
under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552). We process such a 
request under the DOT procedures found in 49 CFR part 7.

III. Availability of Rulemaking Documents

    (1) You can get an electronic copy using the Internet by: Searching 
the Department of Transportation's electronic Docket Management System 
(DMS) Web page at http://dms.dot.gov/search;

    (2) Visiting the FAA's Regulations and Policies Web page at: http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies
; or

    (3) Accessing the Government Printing Office's Web page at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html
.

    You can also get a copy by sending a request to the Federal 
Aviation Administration, Office of Rulemaking, ARM-1, 800 Independence 
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591, or by calling (202) 267-9680. Make 
sure to identify the docket number, notice number, or amendment number 
of this rulemaking.

IV. Authority for This Rulemaking

    The FAA's authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is 
found in Title 49 of the United States Code. Subtitle I, Sec.  106 
describes the authority of the FAA Administrator, including the 
authority to issue, rescind, and revise regulations. Subtitle VII, 
Aviation

[[Page 5807]]

Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the agency's authority.
    This rulemaking is promulgated under the authority described in 
Subtitle VII, Part A, Chapter 447--Safety Regulation. Under Sec.  
44701, the FAA is charged with promoting safe flight of civil aircraft 
in air commerce by prescribing regulations necessary for safety. Under 
Sec.  44703, the FAA issues an airman certificate to an individual when 
we find, after investigation, that the individual is qualified for, and 
physically able to perform the duties related to, the position 
authorized by the certificate. In this NPRM, we are proposing to amend 
the training, qualification, certification, and operating requirements 
for pilots, flight instructors, ground instructors, and pilot schools.
    These changes are intended to ensure that flight crewmembers have 
the training and qualifications to enable them to operate aircraft 
safely. For this reason, the proposed changes are within the scope of 
our authority and are a reasonable and necessary exercise of our 
statutory obligations.

V. Background

    On April 4, 1997, the FAA published a final rule amending the pilot 
and flight instructor certification, training, and experience rules of 
part 61, the ground instructor certification, training, and experience 
rules of subpart I of part 61, and the certification rules of part 141 
for FAA-approved pilot schools (See 62 FR 16220). Since that time, we 
have determined that changes are needed to clarify and refine these 
regulations and address problems discovered since we issued the final 
rule. We also received a number of sound suggestions from the regulated 
community through petitions for rulemaking, industry/agency meetings, 
and requests for interpretation. Consequently, we are proposing 
revisions and making clarifications under part 61 that pertain to 
pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certification 
requirements. We also are proposing to make revisions to part 141 and 
its appendixes, which apply to FAA-approved pilot schools.
    One significant proposal under this notice involves pilot and 
flight instructor training and qualifications for operating with night 
vision goggles (NVG). In February 2000, FAA Flight Standards Service 
personnel and an FAA Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) met 
in Washington, DC to discuss establishing requirements for pilot and 
flight instructor training and qualifications for operating with night 
vision goggles. The ARAC was convened because the FAA recognized the 
use of NVGs had increased significantly--the cost of the equipment had 
decreased and the equipment itself had become easier to use. Hence, the 
aviation community asked the FAA to standardize the equipment and the 
corresponding training programs. The information shared and the 
decisions made from the February 2000 ARAC meeting are the basis for 
these proposed NVG rules.

VI. Summary Table on the Proposed Changes

    The table below lists the changes contained in this NPRM in order 
of their Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) designations. The table is 
organized as follows: The first column, identified as ``Proposal No.,'' 
refers to the paragraph number in the ``Description of Proposed 
Changes'' portion of this preamble where a detailed discussion of the 
proposed change appears. The second column gives the CFR designation of 
the regulation we are proposing to change. The third column, identified 
as ``Summary of the Proposed Changes,'' provides a brief summary of the 
proposed amendment.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Proposal No.                  CFR designation               Summary of the proposed changes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(15).....  Add a definition for the term ``night vision
                                                                 goggles.''
2....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(14).....  Add a definition for the term ``night vision
                                                                 goggle operations.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(2)(i)...  Add the term ``current'' for the ground
                                                                 instructor certificate under the definition of
                                                                 authorized instructor.
3....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(2)(ii)..  Correct the term ``current'' and add the term
                                                                 ``valid'' for the flight instructor certificate
                                                                 under the definition of authorized instructor.
3....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(5)......  Add the definition of ``current'' to airman
                                                                 certificates, ratings, and authorizations,
                                                                 which would mean the pilot has met the
                                                                 appropriate recent flight experience
                                                                 requirements of part 61 for the flight
                                                                 operation being conducted and the pilot's
                                                                 medical certificate has not expired, if a
                                                                 medical certificate is required.
3....................................  Sec.   61.1(b)(22).....  Add the definition of ``valid'' for airman
                                                                 certificates, ratings, and authorizations,
                                                                 which would mean the airmen certificate,
                                                                 ratings, and authorizations have not been
                                                                 surrendered, suspended, revoked, or expired.
3....................................  Sec.   61.3(a)(1)......  Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.3(f)(2)(i) &   Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
                                        (ii).
3....................................  Sec.   61.3(c).........  Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.3(g)(2)(i),    Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
                                        (ii).
4....................................  Sec.   61.3(j)(1)......  Delete the phrase ``Except as provided in
                                                                 paragraph (j)(3) of this section.''
4....................................  Sec.   61.3(j)(3)......  Delete this provision because the dates have
                                                                 passed.
5....................................  Sec.   61.19(b)........  Extend the duration period for student pilot
                                                                 certificates for persons under the age of 40
                                                                 years.
6....................................  Sec.   61.19(b)(3).....  Extend the duration period for student pilot
                                                                 certificates for persons seeking the glider or
                                                                 balloon rating to 36 calendar months.
7....................................  Sec.   61.19(d)........  Establish flight instructor certificates without
                                                                 expiration dates.
8 & 81...............................  Sec.   61.19(e)........  Parallel the ground instructor certificate
                                                                 duration with the ground instructor currency
                                                                 requirements in proposed Sec.   61.217.
9....................................  Sec.   61.23(a)(3)(iv)-  Make minor editorial changes to the medical
                                        (v).                     certificate requirements.
9....................................  Sec.   61.23(a)(3)(vii)  Permit Examiners to hold only a 3rd class
                                                                 medical certificate as already provided for in
                                                                 FAA Order 8710.3D.
10...................................  Sec.   61.23(b)(3).....  Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
                                                                 for when persons are exercising the privileges
                                                                 of their pilot certificate when operating a
                                                                 balloon or a glider.
11...................................  Sec.   61.23(b)(7).....  Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
                                                                 for Examiners who are administering practical
                                                                 tests in a glider, balloon, flight simulator,
                                                                 or flight training device.
12...................................  Sec.   61.23(b)(8).....  Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
                                                                 when taking a practical test in a glider,
                                                                 balloon, flight simulator, or flight training
                                                                 device.

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13...................................  Sec.   61.23(b)(9).....  Add a provision excusing U.S. military pilots
                                                                 from obtaining an FAA medical certification,
                                                                 provided he or she holds a current medical
                                                                 examination from a medical facility of the U.S.
                                                                 Armed Forces and the flight does not involve a
                                                                 flight in air transportation service under
                                                                 parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.
14...................................  Sec.   61.29(d)(3).....  Delete the requirement that a person furnish
                                                                 their social security number.
15...................................  Sec.   61.31(d)(1).....  Make minor editorial change.
15...................................  Sec.   61.31(d)(2).....  Delete existing paragraph (d)(2).
15...................................  Sec.   61.31(d)(3).....  Re-designate existing paragraph (d)(3) as
                                                                 paragraph (d)(2).
16...................................  Sec.   61.31(l)........  Establish training for operating with night
                                                                 vision goggles.
17...................................  Sec.   61.35(a)(2)(iv).  Clarify when a person must show their current
                                                                 residential address when making application for
                                                                 a knowledge test.
18...................................  Sec.   61.39(b)(2).....  Delete the word ``scheduled'' in front of the
                                                                 phrase ``U.S. military air transport
                                                                 operations.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.39(c)(1).....  Add the qualifier ``valid.''
19...................................  Sec.   61.39(c)(2).....  Delete the exception that an applicant does not
                                                                 have to receive an instructor endorsement for
                                                                 an additional aircraft class rating. Sections
                                                                 61.39(a)(6) and 61.63(c) require an instructor
                                                                 endorsement.
20...................................  Sec.   61.39(d) & (e)..  Change the phrase ``60 calendar days'' to read
                                                                 ``2 calendar months'' for the training required
                                                                 prior to the practical test.
21...................................  Sec.   61.43(a) and (b)  Clarify when single pilot performance is
                                                                 required on the practical test vs. permitting
                                                                 issuance of the ``second in command''
                                                                 limitation.
22...................................  Sec.   61.45(a)(2)(iii)  Define a military aircraft for the purpose of
                                                                 using it for a practical test.
23...................................  Sec.   61.45(c)........  Except gliders from the requirement that
                                                                 aircraft used for a practical test must have
                                                                 engine power controls and flight controls that
                                                                 are easily reached and operable in a
                                                                 conventional manner by both pilots.
24...................................  Sec.   61.51(b)(3)(iv).  Add a provision for logging night vision goggle
                                                                 time.
27...................................  Sec.   61.51(b)(1)(iv).  Revise the instructions for logbook entries to
                                       Sec.   61.51(b)(2)(v)..   include personal computer aviation training
                                       Sec.   61.51(b)(3)(iii)   device (PCATD).
25...................................  Sec.   61.51(e)(1).....  Correct an omission and permit airline transport
                                                                 pilots (ATPs) to log pilot-in-command (PIC)
                                                                 flight time.
26...................................  Sec.   61.51(e)(1)(iv).  Permit a pilot who is performing the duties of
                                                                 PIC while under the supervision of a qualified
                                                                 PIC to log PIC time.
27...................................  Sec.   61.51(g)(4).....  Clarify use of flight simulator, flight training
                                                                 device, PCATD to conform to current practice
                                                                 and require that an instructor be present to
                                                                 observe the session and sign the person's
                                                                 logbook.
28...................................  Sec.   61.51(j)........  Establish that an aircraft must hold an
                                                                 airworthiness certificate, with some
                                                                 exceptions, for a pilot to log flight time to
                                                                 meet the certificate, rating, or recent flight
                                                                 experience requirements under part 61.
29...................................  Sec.   61.51(k)........  Add the criteria and standards for logging night
                                                                 vision goggle time.
30...................................  Sec.   61.57(c)(1).....  Revise the instrument recent flight experience
                                                                 for maintaining instrument privileges in
                                                                 airplanes, powered-lifts, helicopters, and
                                                                 airships.
30...................................  Sec.   61.57(c)(2)-(5).  Permit the use of flight simulators, flight
                                                                 training devices, or PCATD for performing
                                                                 instrument recent flight experience.
30...................................  Sec.   61.57(c)(6).....  Revise the instrument recent flight experience
                                                                 for maintaining instrument privileges in
                                                                 gliders.
31...................................  Sec.   61.57(d)........  Clarify when an instrument proficiency check
                                                                 must be completed to serve as the PIC under IFR
                                                                 or in weather conditions less than the minimums
                                                                 prescribed for VFR.
32...................................  Sec.   61.57(f)........  Add a night vision goggle recent operating
                                                                 experience requirement to remain PIC qualified
                                                                 for night vision goggle operations.
33...................................  Sec.   61.57(g)........  Add a night vision goggle proficiency check
                                                                 requirement to remain PIC qualified for night
                                                                 vision goggle operations.
34...................................  Sec.   61.59(a)-(c)....  Add clarifying language to address
                                                                 falsification, reproduction, alteration and
                                                                 incorrect statements.
35...................................  Sec.   61.63...........  Change the title to read ``Additional aircraft
                                                                 ratings (other than for ratings at the airline
                                                                 transport pilot certificate level).''
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(c)(4).....  Clarify what is intended for those applicants
                                                                 who hold only a lighter than air (LTA)-Balloon
                                                                 rating and who seek an LTA-Airship rating.
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(d)(5).....  Add a provision in subparagraph (5) to account
                                                                 for aircraft not capable of instrument flight.
                                                                 Parallels proposed Sec.   61.157(b)(3).
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(e)........  Re-designate paragraph (h) as paragraph (e).
                                                                 Amend the requirements for permitting use of
                                                                 aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a
                                                                 rating. Parallels proposed Sec.   61.157(g).
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(f)........  Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a
                                                                 multiengine, single seat airplane must meet the
                                                                 requirements in the multi-seat version of that
                                                                 type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
                                                                 position to observe the applicant during the
                                                                 practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
                                                                 61.157(h).
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(g)........  Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a
                                                                 single engine, single seat airplane may meet
                                                                 the requirements in a multi-seat version of
                                                                 that type airplane, or the examiner must be in
                                                                 a position to observe the applicant during the
                                                                 practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
                                                                 61.157(i).
36...................................  Sec.   61.64...........  Place the existing Sec.   61.63(e), (f), and (g)
                                                                 and Sec.   61.157(g), (h), and (i) that address
                                                                 the requirements for using flight simulators
                                                                 and flight training devices into proposed Sec.
                                                                  61.64
35...................................  Sec.   61.63(h)........  Re-designate paragraph (k) as paragraph (h).
                                                                 Clarify that certain tasks may be waived if the
                                                                 FAA has approved the task to be waived to
                                                                 parallel Sec.   61.157(m).
36...................................  Sec.   61.64(a) and (b)  Move Sec.   61.63(e) and Sec.   61.157(g) to
                                                                 proposed Sec.   61.64. Simplify and amend the
                                                                 requirements and limitations for use of a
                                                                 flight simulator or flight training device for
                                                                 an airplane rating.
36...................................  Sec.   61.64(a)(2)(i) &  Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
                                        (ii).                    training and testing for the airplane category,
                                                                 class, or type rating, the type rating cannot
                                                                 contain the supervised operating experience
                                                                 limitation.

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36...................................  Sec.   61.64(c) and (d)  Move Sec.   61.63(f) and Sec.   61.157(h) to
                                                                 proposed Sec.   61.64. Simplify and amend the
                                                                 requirements and limitations for use of a
                                                                 flight simulator or flight training device for
                                                                 a helicopter rating.
36...................................  Sec.   61.64(c)(2)(i) &  Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
                                        (ii).                    training and testing for the helicopter class
                                                                 or type rating, the type rating cannot contain
                                                                 the supervised operating experience limitation.
36...................................  Sec.   61.64(e) and (f)  Move Sec.   61.63(g) and Sec.   61.157(i) to
                                                                 proposed Sec.   61.64. Simplify and amend the
                                                                 requirements and limitations for use of a
                                                                 flight simulator or flight training device for
                                                                 a powered-lift rating.
36...................................  Sec.   61.64(e)(2)(i) &  Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
                                        (ii).                    training and testing for the powered-lift
                                                                 category or type rating, the type rating cannot
                                                                 contain the supervised operating experience
                                                                 limitation.
37...................................  Sec.   61.65(d)........  Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
                                                                 as PIC to be in an airplane appropriate to the
                                                                 instrument rating sought, so that it conforms
                                                                 to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37...................................  Sec.   61.65(e)........  Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
                                                                 as PIC to be in a helicopter appropriate to the
                                                                 instrument rating sought, so that it conforms
                                                                 to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37...................................  Sec.   61.65(f)........  Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
                                                                 as PIC to be in a powered-lift appropriate to
                                                                 the instrument rating sought, so that it
                                                                 conforms to the ICAO requirements for
                                                                 instrument rating.
37...................................  Sec.   61.65(g)........  Make minor changes to address the usage of
                                                                 flight simulator and flight training devices
                                                                 for the instrument rating. Re-designate
                                                                 paragraph (e) as paragraph (g).
38...................................  Sec.   61.65(h)........  Permit the use of a PCATD to be used for 10
                                                                 hours of instrument time.
3....................................  Sec.   61.69(a)(1).....  Require tow pilots' certificates to be ``current
                                                                 and valid.''
39...................................  Sec.   61.69(a)(4).....  Correct typographical error involving the word
                                                                 ``or.''
40...................................  Sec.   61.69(a)(6).....  Increase the recent flight experience
                                                                 requirements for tow pilots from 12 months to
                                                                 24 months.
41...................................  Sec.   61.73(b)........  Combine existing paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)
                                                                 into proposed paragraph (b). Delete the
                                                                 requirement that military pilots and former
                                                                 military pilots must be on active flying status
                                                                 within the past 12 months to qualify under
                                                                 these special rules. Delete the requirement
                                                                 that military pilots and former military pilots
                                                                 must have PIC status to qualify for pilot
                                                                 certification under these special rules. Also,
                                                                 minor editorial changes.
41...................................  Sec.   61.73(c)........  Delete paragraph (c). Propose that military
                                                                 pilots of an Armed Force of a foreign
                                                                 contracting State to ICAO qualify for U.S.
                                                                 Commercial Pilot Certificates and ratings
                                                                 provided they are assigned in an operational
                                                                 U.S. military unit for other than for flight
                                                                 training purposes.
41...................................  Sec.   61.73(d)........  Re-designate paragraph (e) as (d). Minor
                                                                 editorial changes.
41...................................  Sec.   61.73(e)........  Re-designate paragraph (f) as (e). Minor
                                                                 editorial changes.
41...................................  Sec.   61.73(f)........  Re-designate paragraph (g) as (f). Delete the
                                                                 phrase ``as pilot in command during the 12
                                                                 calendar months before the month of
                                                                 application.'' Minor editorial changes.
42...................................  Sec.   61.73(g)........  Allow issuing flight instructor certificates and
                                                                 ratings to military instructor pilots who
                                                                 graduate from a U.S. military instructor pilot
                                                                 school with an instructor pilot qualification.
43...................................  Sec.   61.73(h)........  Clarify the evidentiary documents required to
                                                                 qualify military pilots for a pilot certificate
                                                                 and ratings under the special rules of Sec.
                                                                 61.73 for military pilots.
44...................................  Sec.   61.75(a)........  Require foreign pilot license to be at the level
                                                                 of private pilot certificate or higher to be
                                                                 issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change
                                                                 the requirement for the foreign pilot
                                                                 certificate from being ``current'' to
                                                                 ``valid.''
44...................................  Sec.   61.75(b)........  Require foreign pilot license to be at the level
                                                                 of private pilot certificate or higher to be
                                                                 issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change
                                                                 the requirement for the foreign pilot
                                                                 certificate from being ``current'' to
                                                                 ``valid.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.75(b)(2).....  Require foreign pilot certificates to be
                                                                 ``valid.''
45...................................  Sec.   61.75(b)(3).....  Add ``other than a U.S. student pilot
                                                                 certificate.''
46...................................  Sec.   61.75(c)........  Add the qualifier ``for private pilot privileges
                                                                 only'' to clarify issuance of U.S. private
                                                                 pilot certificates based on foreign pilot
                                                                 licenses.
3....................................  Sec.   61.75(d)........  Add the qualifier ``valid.''
47...................................  Sec.   61.75(e)........  Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
                                                                 private pilot certificate,'' it should state
                                                                 ``U.S. pilot certificate.''
47...................................  Sec.   61.75(e)(1).....  Correct an error: where the rule states
                                                                 ``private pilot privilege,'' it should state
                                                                 ``pilot privileges authorized by this part and
                                                                 the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot
                                                                 certificate.''
47...................................  Sec.   61.75(e)(4).....  Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
                                                                 private pilot certificate,'' it should state
                                                                 ``U.S. pilot certificate.''
47...................................  Sec.   61.75(f)........  Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
                                                                 private pilot certificate,'' it should state
                                                                 ``U.S. pilot certificate'' in 2 places.
47...................................  Sec.   61.75(g)........  Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
                                                                 private pilot certificate,'' it should state
                                                                 ``U.S. pilot certificate'' in 2 places.
48...................................  Sec.   61.77(a)(2).....  Clarify who can be issued a special purpose
                                                                 pilot authorization.
48...................................  Sec.   61.77(b)(1).....  Clarify the requirements for issuance of a
                                                                 special purpose pilot authorization.
3....................................  Sec.   61.77(b)(1).....  Require foreign pilot licenses to be ``current''
                                                                 and ``valid.''
48...................................  Sec.   61.77(b)(5).....  Delete a requirement that an applicant have
                                                                 documentation of meeting the recent flight
                                                                 experience requirements of part 61 to be issued
                                                                 a special purpose pilot authorization.
49...................................  Sec.   61.96(b)(9).....  Require an applicant for a recreational pilot
                                                                 certificate to hold a student pilot
                                                                 certificate.
50...................................  Sec.                     Exclude aircraft that are certificated as
                                        61.101(e)(1)(iii).       rotorcraft from the 180 horsepower powerplant
                                                                 limitation.
51...................................  Sec.   61.103(j).......  Require a private pilot certificate applicant to
                                                                 hold a valid student pilot certificate, or a
                                                                 recreational pilot certificate.
52...................................  Sec.   61.109(a)(5)(ii)  Change the distance on a cross-country flight
                                                                 for private pilot certification--single-engine
                                                                 airplane rating from ``at least 50 nautical
                                                                 miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
52...................................  Sec.   61.109(b)(5)(ii)  Change the distance on a cross-country flight
                                                                 for private pilot certification--multi-engine
                                                                 airplane rating from ``at least 50 nautical
                                                                 miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
53...................................  Sec.   61.109(c)(4)(ii)  Change the distance on the solo cross-country
                                                                 flight for private pilot certification--
                                                                 helicopter rating to conform to ICAO
                                                                 requirements. Change the distance on a cross-
                                                                 country flight for private pilot certification--
                                                                 helicopter rating from ``at least 25 nautical
                                                                 miles'' to read ``more than 25 nautical
                                                                 miles.''

[[Page 5810]]


54...................................  Sec.   61.109(d)(5)(ii)  Change the distance on the solo cross-country
                                                                 flight for private pilot certification--
                                                                 gyroplane rating to conform to ICAO
                                                                 requirements. Change the distance on a cross-
                                                                 country flight for private pilot certification--
                                                                 gyroplane rating from ``at least 25 nautical
                                                                 miles'' to read ``more than 25 nautical
                                                                 miles.''
52...................................  Sec.   61.109(e)(5)(ii)  Change the distance on a cross-country flight
                                                                 for private pilot certification--powered-lift
                                                                 rating from ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to
                                                                 ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
55...................................  Sec.   61.127(b)(4)(vi)  Add ``ground reference maneuvers'' as an area of
                                                                 operation for commercial pilot certification--
                                                                 gyroplane rating.
56...................................  Sec.                     Delete ``ground reference maneuvers'' for
                                        61.127(b)(5)(vii).       commercial pilot certification powered lift
                                                                 rating.
57...................................  Sec.   61.129(a)(3)(i).  Clarify the instrument training tasks required
                                                                 for commercial pilot certification--airplane
                                                                 single-engine rating by requiring training
                                                                 using a view-limiting device.
62...................................  Sec.                     Allow the day cross-country flight for
                                        61.129(a)(3)(iii).       commercial pilot certification single-engine
                                                                 airplane rating to be performed under visual
                                                                 flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules
                                                                 (IFR).
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(a)(3)(iv)  Allow the cross-country flight at night time for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification airplane single-
                                                                 engine rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64...................................  Sec.   61.129(a)(4)....  Permit training to be performed solo or with an
                                                                 instructor onboard for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification--airplane single-engine rating.
58...................................  Sec.   61.129(b)(3)(i).  Require instrument training tasks for commercial
                                                                 pilot certification airplane multiengine rating
                                                                 to include training using a view-limiting
                                                                 device.
62...................................  Sec.                     Allow the day cross-country flight for
                                        61.129(b)(3)(iii).       commercial pilot certification multiengine
                                                                 airplane rating to be performed under VFR or
                                                                 IFR.
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(b)(3)(iv)  Allow the cross-country flight at night time for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification multiengine
                                                                 airplane rating to be performed under VFR or
                                                                 IFR.
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(c)(3)(i).  Reduce the hour requirements on the control and
                                                                 maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference
                                                                 to instruments from 10 hours to 5 hours for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification-helicopter
                                                                 rating and permit it to be performed in an
                                                                 aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
                                                                 device. Clarify the control and maneuvering of
                                                                 a helicopter solely by reference to instruments
                                                                 required for commercial pilot certification for
                                                                 the helicopter rating must include training
                                                                 using a view-limiting device.
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(c)(3)(ii)  Permit the day cross-country flight for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification--helicopter
                                                                 rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62...................................  Sec.                     Permit the cross-country flight at night time
                                        61.129(c)(3)(iii).       for commercial pilot certification--helicopter
                                                                 rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64...................................  Sec.   61.129(c)(4)....  Permit training for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification helicopter rating to be performed
                                                                 solo or with an instructor onboard.
60...................................  Sec.   61.129(d)(3)(i).  Reduce the instrument training for commercial
                                                                 pilot certification--gyroplane rating to 2.5
                                                                 hours on the control and maneuvering of a
                                                                 gyroplane solely by reference to instrument and
                                                                 permit it to be conducted in an aircraft,
                                                                 flight simulator, or flight training device.
                                                                 Clarify the control and maneuvering of a
                                                                 gyroplane solely by reference to instrument
                                                                 required for commercial pilot certification
                                                                 gyroplane rating must include training using a
                                                                 view-limiting device.
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(d)(3)(ii)  Allow the day cross-country flight for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification gyroplane rating
                                                                 to be performed under VFR or IFR.
63...................................  Sec.                     Delete the requirement for a cross-country
                                        61.129(d)(3)(iii).       flight at night time for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification--gyroplane rating and establish
                                                                 it as ``At least two hours of flight training
                                                                 during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at
                                                                 an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10
                                                                 landings to a full stop (with each landing
                                                                 involving a flight in the traffic pattern).''
64...................................  Sec.   61.129(d)(4)....  Permit training for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification--gyroplane rating to be performed
                                                                 solo or with an instructor onboard.
61...................................  Sec.   61.129(e)(3)(i).  Require that instrument training tasks for
                                                                 commercial pilot certification--powered-lift
                                                                 rating must include training using a view-
                                                                 limiting device.
61...................................  Sec.   61.129(e)(3)(ii)  Permit the cross-country flight at night time
                                                                 for commercial pilot certification--powered-
                                                                 lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62...................................  Sec.                     Permit the cross-country flight at night time
                                        61.129(e)(3)(iii).       for commercial pilot certification--powered-
                                                                 lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64...................................  Sec.   61.129(e)(4)....  Permit training for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification--powered-lift rating to be
                                                                 performed solo or with an instructor onboard.
64...................................  Sec.   61.129(g)(2)....  Permit training for commercial pilot
                                                                 certification--airship rating to be performed
                                                                 either solo or while performing the duties of
                                                                 PIC with an instructor onboard.
65...................................  Sec.   61.129(g)(3)....  Reformat paragraph (3) into subparagraphs (i)
                                                                 and (ii). Clarify the instrument training tasks
                                                                 for commercial pilot certification--airship
                                                                 rating require instrument training using a view-
                                                                 limiting device.
62...................................  Sec.   61.129(g)(4)(ii)  Permit the cross-country training for commercial
                                        & (iii).                 pilot certification--airship rating to be
                                                                 performed under VFR or IFR.
3....................................  Sec.   61.133(a)(1)....  Require commercial pilot certificates to be
                                                                 ``current and valid.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.153(d).......  Require pilot certificate and instrument rating
                                                                 to be ``valid.''
66...................................  Sec.   61.153(d)(3)(i),  Further clarify the additional condition to
                                        (ii).                    qualify for a U.S. ATP certificate on the basis
                                                                 of a foreign pilot certificate.
67...................................  Sec.   61.157..........  Reprint this section in its entirety due to many
                                                                 changes.
67...................................  Sec.   61.157(b).......  Add the language ``or a type rating that is
                                                                 completed concurrently with an airline
                                                                 transport pilot certificate'' so the rule more
                                                                 clearly states what is intended. Reformat this
                                                                 section so as to establish a paragraph (g) that
                                                                 permits the use of an aircraft not capable of
                                                                 instrument flight for a type rating to be added
                                                                 to an existing ATP certificate. Parallels
                                                                 proposed Sec.   61.63(e).
36 & 67..............................  Sec.   61.157(g).......  Use of flight simulators and flight training
                                                                 devices and applicant qualifications for the
                                                                 airplane rating at the ATP certification level.
                                                                 Move to proposed Sec.   61.64 as paragraph (a)
                                                                 and (b).

[[Page 5811]]


36 & 67..............................  Sec.   61.157(h).......  Use of flight simulators and flight training
                                                                 devices and applicant qualifications for the
                                                                 helicopter rating at the ATP certification
                                                                 level. Move to proposed Sec.   61.64 as
                                                                 paragraph (c) and (d).
36 & 67..............................  Sec.   61.157(i).......  Use of flight simulators and flight training
                                                                 devices and applicant qualifications for the
                                                                 powered-lift rating at the ATP certification
                                                                 level. Move to proposed Sec.   61.64 as
                                                                 paragraph (e) and (f).
67...................................  Sec.   61.157(g).......  Re-designate paragraph (j) as paragraph (g).
                                                                 Amends the requirements for permitting use of
                                                                 aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a
                                                                 rating to permit the issuance of a ``VFR Only''
                                                                 limitation for ATP certification. Parallels
                                                                 proposed Sec.   61.63(e).
68...................................  Sec.   61.157(h).......  Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type
                                                                 rating in a multiengine, single seat airplane
                                                                 to be performed in a multi-seat version of that
                                                                 type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
                                                                 position to observe the applicant during the
                                                                 practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
                                                                 61.63(f).
69...................................  Sec.   61.157(i).......  Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type
                                                                 rating in a single engine, single seat airplane
                                                                 to be performed in a multi-seat version of that
                                                                 type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
                                                                 position to observe the applicant during the
                                                                 practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
                                                                 61.63(g).
70...................................  Sec.   61.159(c)(3)....  Add a provision to accommodate the crediting of
                                                                 flight engineer time for U.S. military flight
                                                                 engineers for qualifying for an ATP certificate
                                                                 that is similar to what is provided for
                                                                 crediting flight engineer time under part 121.
71...................................  Sec.   61.159(d).......  Clarify when an applicant may be issued an ATP
                                                                 certificate with the ICAO endorsement.
71...................................  Sec.   61.159(e).......  Clarify a holder of an ATP certificate with the
                                                                 ICAO endorsement may have the endorsement
                                                                 removed after meeting the aeronautical
                                                                 experience of proposed Sec.   61.159(d).
3....................................  Sec.   61.167(a).......  Require an ATP certificate to be ``valid.''
3....................................  Sec.   61.167(b)(3)....  Require ATP certificates be ``current and
                                                                 valid.''
72...................................  Sec.                     Delete the ``go around maneuver'' for flight
                                        61.187(b)(6)(vii).       instructor certification for the glider rating.
3....................................  Sec.   61.193..........  Require flight instructor certificate be
                                                                 ``current and valid.''
73...................................  Sec.   61.195(c)(1) &    Establish the flight instructor qualifications
                                        (2).                     for providing instrument training in flight to
                                                                 be a CFII in the appropriate category and class
                                                                 of aircraft.
74...................................  Sec.   61.195(d)(3)....  Delete requirement that a flight instructor must
                                                                 sign a student's certificate for authorizing
                                                                 solo flight in Class B airspace.
75...................................  Sec.   61.195(k).......  Add flight instructor qualifications for giving
                                                                 the PIC night vision goggle qualification and
                                                                 currency training.
3....................................  Sec.   61.197(a).......  Require flight instructor certificate to be
                                                                 ``current.''
7....................................  Sec.   61.197(a)(2)....  Establish flight instructor renewal procedures
                                                                 without requiring re-issuance of the actual
                                                                 certificate.
7....................................  Sec.   61.199(a).......  Establish flight instructor reinstatement
                                                                 procedures without requiring re-issuance of the
                                                                 actual certificate. Additionally, clarify the
                                                                 reinstatement requirements for a single
                                                                 practical test for renewal of the other ratings
                                                                 held.
3....................................  Sec.   61.215(a), (c),   Require ground instructor certificates to be
                                        (d).                     ``current and valid.''
76...................................  Sec.   61.215(b).......  Delete the privilege of AGIs to provide training
                                                                 and endorsement for instrument training.
3....................................  Sec.   61.215(b).......  Require AGI certificates to be ``current and
                                                                 valid.''
77...................................  Sec.   61.217(a)--(d)..  Establish new currency requirements for ground
                                                                 instructors.
78...................................  Sec.   91.205(i).......  Establish the required instruments & equipment
                                                                 for night vision goggle operations.
79...................................  Sec.   141.5(a)--(e)...  Clarify that the ``counters'' for the pass rate
                                                                 must be 10 different people and that no one
                                                                 graduate can be counted more than once.
80...................................  Sec.   141.9...........  Correct the rule language for issuing examining
                                                                 authority.
81...................................  Sec.   141.33(d)(2)....  Reduce the number of student enrollments to 10
                                                                 students to qualify for a check instructor
                                                                 position.
82...................................  Sec.   141.39..........  Permit the use of foreign registered aircraft
                                                                 for those part 141 training facilities that are
                                                                 located outside of the United States and where
                                                                 the training is conducted outside of the United
                                                                 States.
83...................................  Sec.   141.53(c)(1)....  Delete subparagraph (c)(1) to remove an obsolete
                                                                 date.
84...................................  Sec.   141.55(e)(2)(ii)  Correct the phrase ``the practical or knowledge
                                                                 test, or any combination thereof'' because it
                                                                 should state ``the practical or knowledge test,
                                                                 as appropriate.''
85...................................  Sec.   141.77(c)(1),     Make a technical correction to the language in
                                        (2), & (3).              the rules about the proficiency and knowledge
                                                                 test required for transfer students to a part
                                                                 141 pilot school.
86...................................  Sec.   141.85(a)(1) &    Clarify duties and responsibilities that chief
                                        (d).                     instructor may delegate to an assistant chief
                                                                 instructor and recommending instructor.
87...................................  B. 2...................  Change the eligibility requirement for
                                                                 enrollment into the flight portion of the
                                                                 private pilot certification course to only
                                                                 require a recreational or student pilot
                                                                 certificate prior to entry into the solo phase
                                                                 of the flight portion.
88...................................  B. 4(b)(1)(i)..........  In the private pilot certification--single-
                                                                 engine airplane course, change the training
                                                                 required to ``on the control and maneuvering of
                                                                 a single-engine airplane solely by reference to
                                                                 instruments'' instead of calling it
                                                                 ``instrument training.''
88...................................  B. 4(b)(2)(i)..........  In the private pilot certification--multiengine
                                                                 airplane course, change the training required
                                                                 to ``on the control and maneuvering of a
                                                                 multiengine airplane solely by reference to
                                                                 instruments.''
88...................................  B. 4(b)(5)(i)..........  In the private pilot certification--powered-lift
                                                                 course, change the training required to ``on
                                                                 the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift
                                                                 solely by reference to instruments.''
89...................................  B. 5(a)(1).............  Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
                                                                 the private pilot certification--airplane
                                                                 single-engine course from ``at least 50
                                                                 nautical miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical
                                                                 miles.''
90...................................  B. 5(b)(1).............  Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
                                                                 the private pilot certification--airplane
                                                                 multiengine course from ``at least 50 nautical
                                                                 miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
91...................................  B. 5(c)(1).............  Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
                                                                 the private pilot certification--helicopter
                                                                 course to conform to ICAO requirements which
                                                                 require a cross-country flight of at least 100
                                                                 nautical miles. Change the phrase ``at least 25
                                                                 nautical miles'' to ``more than 25 nautical
                                                                 miles.''
92...................................  B. 5(d)(1).............  Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
                                                                 the private pilot certification--gyroplane
                                                                 course from ``at least 25 nautical miles'' to
                                                                 ``more than 25 nautical miles.''

[[Page 5812]]


93...................................  B. 5(e)(1).............  Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
                                                                 the private pilot certification--powered lift
                                                                 course from ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to''
                                                                 more than 50 nautical miles.''
94...................................  C. 4(b)(5) & (6).......  Allow approval of instrument rating courses that
                                                                 give credit for instrument training on a PCATD.
100..................................  D. 4(b)(1)(i)..........  Require that the instrument training tasks for
                                                                 the commercial pilot certification--airplane
                                                                 single-engine course include training using a
                                                                 view-limiting device.
99...................................  D. 4(b)(1)(ii).........  Allow the complex airplane training in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate--single-engine
                                                                 airplane course to be performed in either in a
                                                                 single-engine complex airplane or multiengine
                                                                 complex airplane.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(1)(iii)........  Allow the day cross-country flight for the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate airplane course to
                                                                 be performed under VFR or IFR.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(1)(iv).........
96...................................  D. 4(b)(2)(i)..........
96...................................  D. 4(b)(2)(iii)........
96...................................  D. 4(b)(2)(iv).........
100..................................  D. 4(b)(3)(i)..........  Require that the instrument training tasks for
                                                                 the commercial pilot certification--helicopter
                                                                 course include using a view-limiting device.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(3)(ii).........  Allow the day cross-country flight in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate helicopter course
                                                                 to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(3)(iii)........
100..................................  D. 4(b)(4)(i)..........  Require that the instrument training tasks for
                                                                 the commercial pilot certification--gyroplane
                                                                 course include using a view-limiting device.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(4)(ii).........  Allow the day cross-country flight in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate gyroplane course
                                                                 to be performed under VFR or IFR.
97...................................  D. 4(b)(4)(iii)........  Require a night time cross-country flight in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate--gyroplane course
                                                                 to include at least two hours of flight
                                                                 training during night-time conditions at an
                                                                 airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10
                                                                 landings to a full stop (with each landing
                                                                 involving a flight in the traffic pattern).
100..................................  D. 4(b)(5)(i)..........  Require that the instrument training tasks for
                                                                 the commercial pilot certification--powered-
                                                                 lift course include using a view-limiting
                                                                 device.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(5)(ii).........  Allow the day cross-country flight in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate powered-lift
                                                                 course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(5)(iii)........
100..................................  D. 4(b)(7)(i)..........  Require that the instrument training tasks for
                                                                 the commercial pilot certification--airship
                                                                 course include using a view-limiting device.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(7)(ii).........  Allow the day cross-country flight in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate--airship rating
                                                                 course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96...................................  D. 4(b)(7)(iii)........
98...................................  D. 4(d)(4)(vi).........  Add ``ground reference maneuvers'' as an area of
                                                                 operation for the gyroplane rating in the
                                                                 commercial pilot certificate course.
95...................................  D. 5(a), (c ), (d), &    Allow training to be performed solo or with an
                                        (e).                     instructor onboard for the commercial pilot
                                                                 certificate courses.
101..................................  E. 2...................  Requires a person prior to having completed the
                                                                 flight portion of the ATP course to have met
                                                                 the ATP aeronautical experience requirements of
                                                                 part 61, subpart G.
102..................................  I. 3 & 4...............  Clarify the amount and content of ground and
                                                                 flight training for the add-on aircraft
                                                                 category and/or class rating courses in the
                                                                 recreational, private, commercial, and ATP
                                                                 certification courses.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VII. Description of Proposed Changes

    The numbered paragraphs in this section describe the substantive 
changes we are proposing. Readers should note we are also making many 
editorial changes to the text of parts 61 and 141 for the purpose of 
clarity.

(1) Proposal to define ``night vision goggles.''

    The FAA proposes to define ``night vision goggles'' (NVG) under 
Sec.  61.1(b)(13) as ``an appliance worn by a pilot that enhances the 
pilot's ability to maintain visual surface reference at night.''

(2) Proposal to define ``night vision goggle operation.''

    The FAA proposes to define ``night vision goggle operation'' under 
Sec.  61.1(b)(14) as ``a flight at night where the pilot maintains 
visual surface reference utilizing NVGs in an aircraft that is approved 
for NVG operations.''

(3) Proposal to require airman certificates, ratings, and 
authorizations to be ``valid'' and/or ``current,'' where and when 
appropriate.

    The FAA has received inquiries as to the meaning and application of 
the terms ``valid'' and ``current'' as they appear in part 61. Neither 
term is defined under the rules. The terms are used in some sections of 
part 61, but not consistently or universally. In this proposal, the FAA 
proposes definitions for the terms ``current'' and ``valid'' under 
proposed Sec.  61.1(b)(4) and (20). We have also attempted to qualify 
when a person must hold a ``valid,'' ``current,'' or a ``valid and 
current'' pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificate, 
rating, or authorization under part 61 to exercise the privileges of 
that certificate.
    The FAA encourages comments as to whether our review of inserting 
the terms ``current'' and ``valid'' throughout part 61 has been 
sufficiently exhaustive and whether the approach is even needed. One 
could conclude that including the terms may lead to greater ambiguity 
since they are arguably implicit. That is, all certificates, ratings, 
or authorizations must be both ``current'' and ``valid,'' or else they 
may not be relied upon. Based on the comments received on this proposal 
and further analysis, we may decide to withdraw the proposed 
definitions, and we may even eliminate the use of these terms 
``current'' and ``valid'' throughout part 61.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.1(b)(20), a ``valid'' pilot, flight 
instructor, or ground instructor certificate, rating, or

[[Page 5813]]

authorization would mean the certificate has not been surrendered, 
suspended, revoked, or expired. Under proposed Sec.  61.1(b)(4), the 
term ``current'' as it relates to a pilot certificate, rating, or 
authorization would mean the pilot has met the appropriate recent 
flight experience requirements under part 61 for the flight operation 
being conducted. The term ``current'' as it relates to a flight 
instructor certificate would mean the flight instructor meets the 
flight instructor recent experience required under Sec.  61.197. The 
term ``current'' as it relates to a ground instructor certificate would 
mean the ground instructor meets the recent experience required under 
Sec.  61.217.
    We are proposing to add either ``valid'' or ``current,'' or both, 
in: Sec. Sec.  61.1(b)(2)(i) and (ii), (4), and (20); 61.3(a)(1), (c), 
(f)(2)(i) and (ii), and (g)(2)(i) and (ii); 61.39(c)(1), 61.69(a)(1); 
61.75(b)(2) and (d); 61.77(b)(1); 61.103(j); 61.133(a)(1); 61.153(d)(1) 
and (3); 61.167(a) and (b)(3); the introductory language of 61.193; 
61.197(a); and 61.215(a), (b), (c), and (d).

(4) Proposal to delete an obsolete date in Sec.  61.3(j)(3).

    Under existing Sec.  61.3(j)(3), the rule makes reference to some 
obsolete dates and the rule is no longer needed. The rule states 
``Until December 20, 1999, a person may serve as a pilot in operations 
covered by this paragraph after that person has reached his or her 60th 
birthday if, on March 20, 1997, that person was employed as a pilot in 
operations covered by this paragraph.'' December 20, 1999 has now 
passed, and the FAA is proposing to delete Sec.  61.3(j)(3) in its 
entirety. Subsequently, it is necessary to delete the phrase ``Except 
as provided in paragraph (j)(3) of this section'' under Sec.  
61.3(j)(1).

(5) Proposal to revise the duration of the student pilot certificate.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.19(b) so that the duration 
period for the student pilot certificate coincides with the medical 
duration provisions under Sec.  61.23(c)(3). Since the FAA adopted a 
new duration period for the 3rd class medical certificate for persons 
who have not reached their 40th birthday, there has been a conflict 
between the duration period for the student pilot portion of the 
certificate under Sec.  61.19(b) (i.e., ``expires 24 calendar months 
from the month in which it is issued'') and the duration period for the 
medical portion of the certificate for persons who have not reached 
their 40th birthday under Sec.  61.23(c)(3) (i.e., ``The 36th calendar 
month after the month of the date of the examination shown on the 
certificate). Without the proposed change, persons under the age of 40 
years would have the student pilot portion of their certificate expire, 
but the medical portion of that certificate would remain current. 
Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.19(b) so that it 
parallels the 3rd class medical duration provisions under Sec.  
61.23(c)(3).

(6) Proposal to extend the duration period to 36 calendar months for 
the student pilot certificate for persons seeking a balloon or glider 
rating.

    Proposed Sec.  61.19(b)(3) would extend the duration period of a 
student pilot certificate for persons seeking a balloon or glider 
rating to 36 calendar months. Since persons who seek a balloon and 
glider rating are not required to hold a medical certificate, it is 
reasonable to extend the student pilot certificate to 36 calendar 
months as discussed in the previous paragraph. Under this proposal, 
however, the duration period would be 36 calendar months regardless of 
the age of the applicant.

(7) Proposal to issue flight instructor certificate without an 
expiration date and to clarify reinstatement requirements.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec. Sec.  61.19(d), 61.197(a), and 
61.199 to allow the issuance of flight instructor certificates without 
an expiration date. This proposal responds to a petition for rulemaking 
from the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) Safety 
Foundation. By letter, dated September 14, 1999, AOPA petitioned the 
FAA to revise Sec.  61.19(d), Sec.  61.195(a), (b), and (c), Sec.  
61.197(a) and (b), and Sec.  61.199(a). The FAA was already working on 
this proposed rule; therefore we responded to AOPA's petition by 
acknowledging receipt of the petition and informing them their petition 
would be considered under this rulemaking.
    The AOPA Safety Foundation's petition states that it believes the 
flight instructor renewal process results in burdening flight 
instructor renewal applicants and the operators of flight instructor 
refresher clinics (FIRCs) with unnecessary paperwork. The FAA would 
still require that flight instructors renew their privileges every 24 
calendar months to exercise the privileges of their flight instructor 
certificate, but it would be done without requiring the re-issuance of 
the flight instructor certificate. The FAA envisions that flight 
instructor renewal applicants would continue to send a completed FAA 
Form 8710-1, ``Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application,'' to the 
FAA's Airman Certification Branch in Oklahoma City, OK, but the 
applicants would then only be required to have their logbooks endorsed 
by a FIRC operator or by the FAA. In lieu of the logbook endorsement, 
the flight instructor renewal applicant could simply receive a 
completion certificate or a stamp in their logbook from a FIRC operator 
or from the FAA. The FAA is tailoring this proposal to similar 
procedures established for pilots who accomplish their Sec.  61.57 
flight review or Sec.  61.58 PIC proficiency check. However, the FAA 
wants to maintain the procedure of requiring flight instructor renewal 
applicants to send a completed FAA Form 8710-1 to the FAA's Airman 
Certification Branch because the FAA believes this procedure is 
important for maintaining order on flight instructor renewals and also 
for being able to retain statistical data on flight instructors.
    Under this proposal, Sec.  61.197(a)(2) would state that a person 
who holds a flight instructor certificate may renew the certificate by 
``receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another suitable 
document that is acceptable to the FAA * * * ,'' to provide flight 
instructor renewal applicants significant leeway to show compliance 
with Sec.  61.197. Additionally, for the same reasons, this language 
would be included in proposed Sec.  61.199(a)(2) for flight instructor 
reinstatement applicants. Those instructors who hold flight instructor 
certificates with expiration dates would be permitted to continue to 
hold those certificates indefinitely and would just have to comply with 
the renewal procedures of Sec.  61.197 or reinstatement procedures of 
Sec.  61.199, as appropriate, to maintain their flight instructor 
``privileges.'' Regardless of what method is used to show compliance 
with Sec.  61.197 (i.e., logbook entry, completion certification, or a 
stamp inserted in the applicant's logbook, etc.), the FAA expects the 
flight instructor renewal/reinstatement applicant's record to show the 
completion date and expiration date of the renewal/reinstatement.
    Additionally, the FAA has received several inquires concerning 
whether an applicant who holds an expired flight instructor certificate 
may reinstate that certificate by satisfactorily completing an 
additional flight instructor rating practical test. As an example, the 
person holds an expired flight instructor certificate with an Airplane 
Single-Engine and a Multiengine rating. The person then makes 
application for an Instrument-Airplane additional flight instructor 
rating and wishes to reinstate

[[Page 5814]]

his or her flight instructor certificate by satisfactorily 
accomplishing the Instrument-Airplane additional flight instructor 
rating practical test. In accordance with FAA Order 8700.1, page 11-3, 
paragraph 13, ``the holder of an expired flight instructor certificate 
issued after November 1, 1975, may have all ratings on the certificate 
reinstated by satisfactorily completing a single practical test.'' 
Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.199(a) to read:
    (a) Flight instructor certificates. The holder of a flight 
instructor certificate who has not complied with the recent flight 
instructor experience requirements under Sec.  61.197 may reinstate 
flight instructor privileges by:
    (1) Completing and passing a flight instructor practical test, as 
prescribed under Sec.  61.183(h); and
    (2) Receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another 
document that is acceptable to the FAA that shows the applicant 
completed and passed a flight instructor practical test, as prescribed 
under Sec.  61.183(h).
    This proposed amendment removes the current provision that states 
that a holder of an expired flight instructor certificate may obtain a 
new one by passing a practical test ``for one of the ratings listed on 
the expired flight instructor certificate.''
    The proposed amendment would permit the reinstatement of a flight 
instructor certificate, either by satisfactorily accomplishing an 
additional flight instructor rating practical test or by satisfactorily 
accomplishing a practical test on one of the ratings listed on the 
expired flight instructor certificate.

(8) Proposal to standardize the recent experience requirements for 
ground instructor certificates.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.19(e) by linking the currency 
requirements for the ground instructor certificate with the duration 
period requirements. The purpose is to further clarify the currency 
requirements for ground instructors. Since the issuance of Sec.  
61.19(e), there have been some questions about how a ground instructor 
remains current. Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.19(e) by 
linking this provision with the recent experience requirements under 
proposed Sec.  61.217.

(9) Proposal to require Examiners to hold only a 3rd class medical 
certificate.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.23(a)(3)(vii) to require 
Examiners to hold only a 3rd class medical certificate. The FAA wants 
to parallel the medical certificate requirements for Examiners with the 
medical certificate requirements that are contained in FAA Order 
8710.3D. FAA Order 8710.3D requires that an Examiner hold only a 3rd 
class medical certificate when performing practical tests in an 
aircraft (with an exception for Examiners administering practical tests 
in a glider or balloon).

(10) Proposal to clarify that persons exercising the privileges of a 
glider or balloon rating are not required to hold a medical 
certificate.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.23(b)(3) to clarify that persons 
exercising the privileges of a glider or balloon rating are not 
required to hold a medical certificate. The FAA has received questions 
about the wording of Sec.  61.23(b)(3). Some have asked whether the no 
medical certificate requirement for operating a balloon or a glider 
applies only when a person is taking a practical test for a glider or 
balloon rating, or whether it applies when a person is exercising the 
privileges of a glider or balloon rating. The rule is intended to apply 
in both situations. The FAA is proposing to amend Sec.  61.23(b)(3) to 
clarify that persons exercising the privileges of their glider or 
balloon rating in a glider or a balloon, as appropriate, are not 
required to hold a medical certificate. As further discussed in 
proposed Sec.  61.23(b)(8), a person also is not required to hold a 
medical certificate when taking a practical test for a balloon or 
glider rating.

(11) Proposal to add situations where an Examiner need not hold a 
medical certificate.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.23(b)(7) to establish that when 
an Examiner or a Check Airman is administering a test or check for an 
airman certificate, rating, or authorization in a glider, balloon, 
flight simulator, or flight training device, he or she would not be 
required to hold a medical certificate. Existing Sec.  61.23(b)(7) 
states that an Examiner or Check Airman is not required to hold a 
medical certificate when administering a test or check for a 
certificate, rating, or authorization in a flight simulator or flight 
training device. The words ``glider'' and ``balloon'' were 
inadvertently left out when the rule was last revised.

(12) Proposal to add situations where an applicant need not hold a 
medical certificate.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.23(b)(8) to establish that when 
an applicant is receiving a test or check for a certificate, rating, or 
authorization in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight 
training device, the applicant is not required to hold a medical 
certificate.
    Existing Sec.  61.23(b)(8) states that an applicant is not required 
to hold a medical certificate when receiving a test or check for a 
certificate, rating, or authorization in a flight simulator or flight 
training device. The words ``glider'' and ``balloon'' were 
inadvertently left out when the rule was last revised.

(13) Proposal to excuse military pilots of the U.S. Armed Forces from 
having to obtain an FAA medical certificate.

    The FAA proposes to add a new Sec.  61.23(b)(9) to excuse military 
pilots from having to hold an FAA medical certificate. Military pilots 
would be required to complete a medical examination for flight status 
as a military pilot from a flight surgeon at a military medical 
facility of the United States. The examination would have to be 
current.
    In accordance with existing Sec.  61.39(a)(4), for a military pilot 
to be eligible for a practical test for an airman certificate or rating 
issued under part 61, an applicant must ``hold at least a current 
third-class medical certificate.'' The FAA has determined that the 
medical examinations provided by a U.S. Armed Forces medical facility 
to military pilots equals or exceeds the content and quality of a 
medical certification required by the FAA. Therefore, the FAA proposes 
to amend Sec.  61.23 by adding paragraph (b)(9) and excuse pilots of 
the U.S. Armed Forces from having to hold an FAA medical certificate 
provided that: (1) The pilot completed a medical examination for flight 
status as a military pilot from a flight surgeon at a U.S. military 
medical facility; (2) The examination is current; and (3) The flight 
does not involve a flight in air transportation service under parts 
121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.

(14) Proposal to delete the requirement for a person to furnish their 
social security number.

    The FAA proposes to delete the requirement under Sec.  61.29(d)(3) 
that a person who requests replacement of a lost or destroyed airman 
certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report must furnish 
their social security number. By law, the FAA cannot require a person 
to furnish his or her social security number. A person, however, may 
voluntarily provide his or her social security number as a means to 
establish his or her identity.

[[Page 5815]]

(15) Proposal to delete Sec.  61.31(d)(2).

    The FAA proposes to delete Sec.  61.31(d)(2), which requires a PIC 
of an aircraft to receive ``training for the purpose of obtaining an 
additional pilot certificate and rating that are appropriate to that 
aircraft, and be under the supervision of an authorized instructor.'' 
The FAA has received inquiries about the difference between 
subparagraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3), and the FAA determined that these 
subparagraphs conflict with one another. Furthermore, subparagraph 
(d)(2) conflicts with Sec.  61.51(e)(1)(i).
    When the FAA initially proposed Sec.  61.31(d), it was considering 
coining a new phrase that was to be known as ``supervised PIC flight'' 
that would allow a PIC who was in training to act as PIC of an aircraft 
if properly supervised by the person's flight instructor. (See 60 FR 
41160, 41227, August 11, 1995). The ``supervised PIC flight'' concept 
was not adopted in the final rule, but subparagraph (d)(2) erroneously 
remained in the final rule. (See 62 FR 16220.) Subparagraph (d)(3) of 
Sec.  61.31 covers what the FAA currently requires in order to act as 
PIC and for logging PIC time under Sec.  61.51(e)(1)(i).

(16) Proposal to add training and qualification requirements for pilots 
who want to operate with night vision goggles.

    Proposed Sec.  61.31(k) would require ground and flight training 
and a one-time instructor endorsement for a pilot to act as a PIC 
during NVG operations. Also, the FAA proposes to ``grandfather'' those 
PICs who previously qualified as a PIC for NVG operations under Sec.  
61.31(k). Under proposed subparagraph (3), a pilot would not need the 
``one-time'' NVG training and endorsement, provided the pilot can 
document satisfactory accomplishment of any of the following pilot 
checks for using NVGs in an aircraft:
     Completion of an official pilot proficiency check for 
using NVGs and that check was conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces; or
     Completion of a pilot proficiency check for using NVGs 
under part 135 of this chapter and that check was conducted by an 
Examiner or a Check Airman.

(17) Proposal to require proof of current residential address at the 
time of application for a knowledge test.

    Proposed Sec.  61.35(a)(2)(iv) would clarify that when a person's 
permanent mailing address is a P.O. Box, the person must show proof of 
their current residential address at the time of application for a 
knowledge test. The purpose of this change is to conform the 
instructions in proposed Sec.  61.35(a)(2)(iv) with the instructions in 
existing Sec.  61.60.

(18) Proposal to delete the word ``scheduled'' in front of the phrase 
``U.S. military air transport operations.''

    The purpose for this proposal is to delete the word ``scheduled'' 
that appears in front of the phrase ``U.S. military air transport 
operations'' under Sec.  61.39(b)(2) because there is no such thing as 
``scheduled'' U.S. military transport operations.

(19) Proposal to delete the phrase ``or a class rating with an 
associated type rating'' in reference to the endorsement exception for 
applying for an additional aircraft class rating.

    The FAA proposes to delete the phrase ``or a class rating with an 
associated type rating'' under Sec.  61.39(c)(2) for applying for an 
additional aircraft class rating. Existing Sec. Sec.  61.39(a)(6) and 
61.63(c) require an applicant for a practical test for an additional 
aircraft class rating to have received a logbook or training record 
endorsement from an authorized instructor. Existing Sec.  61.39(c)(2) 
incorrectly suggests that an endorsement is not required for an 
applicant for an aircraft class rating. Thus, the FAA is proposing to 
amend Sec.  61.39(c)(2) by removing the phrase ``or a class rating with 
an associated type rating'' to clarify that we are not excepting 
applicants for an aircraft type rating from obtaining an endorsement 
from an authorized instructor.

(20) Proposal to clarify the time frame for completing a practical 
test.

    The FAA proposes to change the phrase ``60 calendar days'' in Sec.  
61.39(d) and (e) to read ``2 calendar months.'' The purpose is to make 
it simpler to calculate the time for when a segmented practical test 
must be completed. An applicant who accomplishes a segmented practical 
test would be required to complete the entire practical test within 2 
calendar months after the applicant began the test. For example, an 
applicant who began the oral portion of the practical test on July 2, 
2006, would have to complete the remaining portions of the practical 
test (i.e., simulator/training device check and aircraft flight check) 
before the end of September 2006.

(21) Proposal to clarify when an applicant has the choice to perform 
the practical test as a single pilot or use a second in command.

    The FAA is proposing to revise Sec.  61.43(b) to clarify when an 
applicant can perform the practical test as a single pilot or use a 
second in command. If a second in command pilot is used under proposed 
Sec.  61.43(b)(3), the limitation ``Second in Command Required'' would 
be placed on the applicant's pilot certificate. Also, we are proposing 
to revise Sec.  61.43(a) by moving existing Sec.  61.43(a)(5) into 
proposed Sec.  61.43(b).
    Under proposed Sec.  61.43(b)(1), if the aircraft's FAA-approved 
aircraft flight manual requires the pilot flight crew complement be a 
single pilot, then the applicant would be required to demonstrate 
single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.43(b)(2), if the aircraft's type 
certification data sheet requires the pilot flight crew complement be a 
single pilot, then the applicant would be required to demonstrate 
single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
    The Cessna 172, Cessna 310, Piper Malibu (PA-44), and Beech Baron 
(BE-58) are examples of aircraft whose flight manuals and/or type 
certification data sheets require the pilot flight crew complement be a 
single pilot.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.43(b)(3), if the FAA Flight Standardization 
Board report, FAA-approved aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type 
certification data sheet allows the pilot flight crew complement to be 
either a single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may 
perform the practical test as a single pilot or with a copilot. If the 
applicant performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of 
``Second in Command Required'' will be placed on the applicant's pilot 
certificate. Under proposed Sec.  61.43(b)(3), the ``Second in Command 
Required'' limitation may be removed if and when the applicant passes 
the practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the 
aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought.
    Examples of aircraft for which a FAA Flight Standardization Board 
has approved the minimum pilot flight crew compliment to be either a 
single pilot, or a pilot with a copilot, are certain models of the 
Beech 300, Beech 1900C, and Beech 1900D airplanes that received 
certification under SFAR 41; certain models of the Empresa Brasileira 
de Aeronautica EMB 110 airplanes that received certification under SFAR 
41, and certain models of the Fairchild Aircraft Corporation SA227-CC,

[[Page 5816]]

SA227-DC, and other Fairchild commuter category airplanes on that same 
type certificate that received certification under SFAR 41 and that 
have a passenger seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of nine 
seats or less and the airplane's type certificate authorizes single 
pilot operations.
    The Cessna 501, Cessna 525, Cessna 551, Raytheon 390, and Beech 
2000 are examples of aircraft whose flight manuals and/or type 
certification data sheets allow the minimum pilot flight crew 
compliment to be either a single pilot, or a pilot with a copilot.

(22) Proposal to define what is a military aircraft for the purpose of 
a practical test.

    Proposed Sec.  61.45(a)(2)(iii) would clarify what is a ``military 
aircraft'' when used on a practical test. Recently, there has been some 
confusion as whether it is permissible to use a surplus military 
aircraft that has no civilian aircraft type designation for a practical 
test for an airman certificate and rating. For example, some applicants 
have requested to use a surplus military OH-58 Army helicopter for a 
practical test. These surplus military helicopters are not Bell BH-206 
helicopters, and they do not have a civilian type designation. The FAA 
has determined it is not permissible to use these surplus former 
military aircraft for completing a practical test.
    To clarify this issue, proposed Sec.  61.45(a)(2)(iii) would define 
a ``military aircraft'' as an aircraft that is under the direct 
operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces. Under this definition, 
surplus military aircraft are not military aircraft because they are 
not under the direct operational control of the U.S. military.

(23) Proposal to except gliders from the requirement that aircraft used 
for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight 
controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner 
by both pilots.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.45(c) by excepting gliders from 
the requirement that aircraft used for a practical test must have 
engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and 
operable in a conventional manner by both pilots. Gliders do not have 
engine power controls.

(24) Proposal to provide for logging night vision goggle time.

    Proposed Sec.  61.51(b)(3)(iv) would add a provision for logging 
``night vision goggle time'' to show compliance with the training time 
and aeronautical experience required for acting as a PIC for NVG 
operations. The logging of NVG time would be permitted when performed 
in an aircraft in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight 
training device.

(25) Proposal to correct an omission of the words ``airline transport 
pilot'' regarding logging of pilot in command time.

    Because existing Sec.  61.51(e)(1) does not include ``airline 
transport pilots,'' it may appear that holders of airline transport 
pilot certificates do not have the same PIC logging privileges as 
recreational pilots, private pilots, and commercial pilots. To avoid 
any confusion, the FAA proposes to add the words ``airline transport 
pilot'' to Sec.  61.51(e)(1).

(26) Proposal to permit a pilot performing the duties of pilot in 
command while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command to 
log pilot in command time.

    Proposed Sec.  61.51(e)(1)(iv) would allow a pilot who is 
performing the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision 
of a qualified PIC to log PIC time. The purpose for this proposal is to 
provide another way for holders of a commercial pilot certificate or 
airline transport pilot certificate to log PIC time.
    Section 61.51(e)(1)(iv) would permit a pilot who is performing the 
duties of PIC to log PIC flight time. The pilot who is performing the 
duties of PIC would be required to hold a current and valid commercial 
pilot certificate or a current and valid airline transport pilot 
certificate, with the aircraft rating that is appropriate to the 
category and class of aircraft being flown, if a class rating is 
appropriate. The pilot would be required to be under the supervision of 
an appropriately qualified PIC. Additionally, the pilot who is 
performing the duties of PIC would be required to undergo an approved 
PIC training program consisting of ground and flight training on the 
following areas of operation: pre-flight preparation, preflight 
procedures, takeoff and departure phase, in-flight maneuvers, 
instrument procedures, landings and approaches to landings, normal and 
abnormal procedures, emergency procedures, and post-flight procedures.
    The supervising PIC would be required to hold either a current and 
valid commercial pilot certificate and a current and valid flight 
instructor certificate with an aircraft rating that is appropriate to 
the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or 
type rating is required, or the supervising PIC would be required to 
hold a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate and 
aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of 
aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required. The 
supervising PIC would be required to log the PIC training given in the 
pilot's logbook, certify having given the PIC training in the pilot's 
logbook, and attest that certification with his or her signature, 
flight instructor certificate number and expiration date, or ATP 
certificate number, as appropriate. This proposal would parallel and 
clarify the provisions in proposed Sec.  61.129 and existing Sec. Sec.  
61.31(d), 61.159(a)(4), 61.161(a)(3), and 61.163(a)(3) for PIC 
aeronautical experience.

(27) Proposal to conform the rule for logging of instrument time in a 
flight simulator, flight training device, and PCATD to existing policy.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.51(g)(4) so the logging of 
instrument time in a flight simulator, flight training device, or PCATD 
conforms to existing policy. An authorized instructor (See Sec.  
61.1(b)(2)) must be present in the flight simulator, flight training 
device, or PCATD when instrument time is logged for training and 
aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a 
certificate, rating, or flight review (See Sec.  61.51(a)). The 
instructor must sign the person's logbook to verify the training time 
and the content of the session.
    Examples of situations in which an authorized instructor would be 
considered present in the flight simulator, flight training device, or 
PCATD include where an authorized instructor is seated at a center 
control panel in a flight simulation lab and is monitoring each 
student's performance from the control panel display; where an 
instructor assigns a student to perform several instrument tasks and 
then leaves the room, if the flight training device has a monitoring 
and tracking system that allows the authorized instructor to review the 
entire training session; and where one authorized instructor monitors 
several students simultaneously in the same room at a flight simulation 
lab.
    The instructions for making logbook entries also would be amended 
to reflect the proposal that PCATDs could be used to meet the 
instrument time and recent flight experience requirements under part 
61.

[[Page 5817]]

(28) Proposal to establish the aircraft requirements for when a pilot 
logs flight time.

    Proposed Sec.  61.51(j) would establish the aircraft and aircraft 
airworthiness requirements for when a pilot logs flight time. To log 
flight time to meet the aeronautical experience requirements for a 
certificate, rating, or recent flight experience under part 61, the 
aircraft must hold an airworthiness certificate (except in the case of 
U.S. military aircraft flown by U.S. military pilots and under the 
direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces or public aircraft 
flown by pilots of a Federal, State, county, or municipal law 
enforcement agency).
    This proposal would, in essence, codify existing FAA policy under 
FAA Order 8700.1, Volume 2, Chapter 1, pages 1-46 and 1-47, paragraph 
9.B, which states:

    ``Logging Time. Unless the vehicle is type certificated as an 
aircraft in a category listed in (14 CFR) Sec.  61.5(b)(1) or as an 
experimental aircraft, or otherwise holds an airworthiness 
certificate, flight time acquired in such a vehicle may not be used 
to meet requirements of (14 CFR) part 61 for a certificate or rating 
or to meet the recent flight experience requirements.''

    The FAA has received several inquiries about whether it is 
permissible to use surplus military aircraft that do not hold a 
civilian type designation as an aircraft or an airworthiness 
certificate for logging flight time to meet the requirements for a 
certificate, rating, or recent flight experience under part 61. The 
FAA's response has been that the aircraft must be of the category, 
class (if class is applicable), and type (if type is applicable) listed 
under Sec.  61.5(b)(1) through (7), or the aircraft must hold an 
experimental airworthiness certificate.
    With the issuance of Public Law 106-424, dated November 1, 2000, 
pilots for a Federal, State, county, or municipal law enforcement 
agency can log flight time for the purposes of meeting the aeronautical 
experience requirements for a certificate, rating or recent flight 
experience under part 61 in limited cases. The stipulation is that the 
pilot must be operating a public aircraft, as defined under 49 U.S.C. 
40102, and the aircraft must be identifiable as a category and class of 
aircraft, as listed under Sec.  61.5(b), and being used in law 
enforcement activities of a Federal, State, county, or municipal law 
enforcement agency.

(29) Proposal to establish the criteria and standards for logging NVG 
time.

    Proposed Sec.  61.51(k) would establish the criteria and standards 
for logging NVG time. This proposal would establish the minimum 
information required to be entered when logging time in a pilot's 
logbook. Per proposed Sec.  61.51(k)(3), the required information that 
is required to be logged for logging NVG time are the logbook entries 
covered under Sec.  61.51(b).
    Under the proposal, a pilot may log NVG time using NVGs as the sole 
visual reference of the surface in an operation conducted in an 
aircraft at night (during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and 
ending 1 hour before sunrise) in flight. Alternatively, a pilot may log 
NVG time in a flight simulator or in a flight training device provided 
the flight simulator or flight training device's lighting system has 
been adjusted to replicate the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and 
ending 1 hour before sunrise.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.51(k)(2), the rule would establish when an 
authorized instructor may log NVG time. The instructor must be 
conducting NVG training and must be using NVGs as the sole visual 
reference of the surface. The time must be in an aircraft operated at 
night in flight, or in a flight simulator or flight training device 
with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 
hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.

(30) Proposal to amend the instrument recent flight experience tasks 
and iterations and to allow use of personal computer aviation training 
devices, flight simulators, and flight training devices for maintaining 
instrument recent flight experience.

    In Sec.  61.57(c), the FAA proposes to amend the instrument flight 
experience tasks and iterations and to allow use of PCATD, flight 
simulators (FS), and flight training devices (FTD) for maintaining 
instrument recent flight experience.
    The proposed change to Sec.  61.57(c) would clarify that a person 
who acts as pilot in command under IFR or weather conditions less than 
the minimums prescribed for VFR is required to look back 6 calendar 
months from the date of the flight to determine whether the instrument 
flight experience requirements were met. For example, if a pilot 
intends to act as pilot in command under IFR (or in weather conditions 
less than the minimums prescribed for VFR) on a flight that is to occur 
on February 24, 2007, the pilot would count backwards 6 calendar months 
from the date of the flight to August 2006. The pilot would have to 
have performed and logged the instrument recent flight experience 
requirements between August 1, 2006 and February 24, 2007.
    For maintaining instrument flight experience in airplanes, powered-
lifts, helicopters, and airships, the proposal would require the pilot 
to perform and log the instrument flight experience in an airplane, 
powered-lift, helicopter, or airship that is appropriate to the 
category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges that the 
pilot desires to maintain. This instrument flight experience could be 
completed in either actual instrument meteorological conditions or 
under simulated instrument conditions with the use of a view-limiting 
device. The instrument flight experience and iterations must include at 
least:
     Six instrument approaches consisting of both precision and 
non-precision approaches;
     One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one 
complete holding pattern at an intersection or waypoint; and
     One hour of simulated cross-country practice operation 
that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of 
navigation systems while performing a takeoff phase, area departure 
phase, enroute phase, area arrival phase, approach phase, and a missed 
approach phase of flight.
    Subject to certain limitations, a pilot could choose to either 
complete the instrument experience requirements in an aircraft and/or 
through use of an FS, FTD, or PCATD. The simulation devices would have 
to be representative of the category of aircraft for the instrument 
rating privileges that the pilot desires to maintain.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(2), a person could use an FS or FTD 
exclusively by performing and logging at least 3 hours of instrument 
recent flight experience within the 6 calendar months before the date 
of the flight.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(3), a person could use a PCATD 
exclusively by having performed and logged at least 3 hours of 
instrument recent experience within the 2 calendar months before the 
date of the flight. We have deliberately proposed differences between 
the use of a PCATD and an FS or FTD because use of a PCATD to maintain 
instrument recent experience is a relatively new concept, and the FAA 
wants to further evaluate its use before we allow use of PCATDs equal 
to that of FSs and FTDs.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(4), a person could combine use of the 
aircraft and an FS, FTD, or PCATD to obtain instrument experience. When 
a pilot elects to combine use of an aircraft and a simulation device, 
we would require, under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(4),

[[Page 5818]]

completion of one hour of instrument flight time in the aircraft and 3 
hours in the FS, FTD, or PCATD within the preceding 6 calendar months.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(5), a person could combine use of an 
FS or FTD, and a PCATD to obtain instrument recent experience. When a 
pilot elects this combination, we would require one hour in an FS or 
FTD, and 3 hours in a PCATD within the preceding 6 calendar months.
    Under proposed Sec.  61.57(c)(6), the instrument tasks and 
iterations for maintaining instrument flight experience in a glider 
would be amended and require the pilot to have:
     Performed and logged at least 1 hour of instrument time in 
flight in a glider or in a single-engine airplane performing cross-
country practice operations that involved intercepting and tracking 
courses through the use of navigation systems while performing an area 
departure phase, enroute phase, and area arrival phase of flight; and
     At least 2 hours of instrument flight time in a glider or 
in a single-engine airplane performing straight glides, turns to 
specific headings, steep turns, flight at various airspeeds, 
navigation, and slow flight and stalls. However, if the pilot were to 
carry passenger(s) in a glider under IFR or in weather conditions less 
than the minimums prescribed for VFR, the 2 hours of instrument recent 
flight experience would have to be performed in a glider performing 
performance maneuvers, performance airspeeds, navigation, and slow 
flight and stalls.
    The person would be required to log this instrument recent flight 
experience, tasks, and iterations in their logbook to show 
accomplishment of this instrument training. The person would be 
required to use a view-limiting device when performing this instrument 
recent flight experience or be in actual instrument meteorological 
conditions.

(31) Proposal to clarify when a person must perform an instrument 
proficiency check to act as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions 
less than minimums prescribed for VFR.

    The FAA proposes to amend Sec.  61.57(d) to clarify when a person, 
who has not met the instrument recent flight experience of Sec.  
61.57(c), must perform an instrument proficiency check to act as the 
PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums 
prescribed for VFR. The proposal would require a pilot who has not 
complied with the instrument recent experience requirement of Sec.  
61.57(c) within the preceding 12 calendar months to complete an 
instrument proficiency check to regain PIC instrument qualifications. 
The proficiency check would have to be performed in the same aircraft 
category that is appropriate to the instrument privileges desired. The 
proficiency check would consist of the tasks listed in the practical 
test standards for the instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft 
category.
    As explained in the discussion of proposed Sec.  61.57(c), this 
proposal would require a pilot to perform and log the instrument recent 
flight experience within the preceding six calendar months from the 
date of the flight to act as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions 
less than the minimums prescribed for VFR. Under proposed Sec.  
61.57(d), if the pilot has not performed and logged the required 
instrument recent flight experience within the preceding six calendar 
months from the date of the flight, the pilot is given an additional 6 
calendar months to perform and log the required instrument recent 
flight experience. However, during this 6-month pe